PROSPECTS OF USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES IN ENSURING TRANSPARENCY OF THE ORIGIN OF GOODS
Abstract
The complexity of modern supply chains, the globalization of commodity markets, and the growth of product counterfeiting have led to increased attention to the problem of ensuring the transparency of the origin of goods. Insufficient coordination of information flows between supply chain participants, the possibility of distortion or loss of data at certain stages of the movement of goods, as well as limited trust in traditional certification systems, form a demand for the implementation of innovative digital solutions. In this context, blockchain technologies are considered as a promising tool for increasing the reliability and traceability of information about the origin of products. The problem is that despite the growing interest in blockchain, the practices of its use remain fragmented and require scientific generalization, taking into account industry specifics and institutional limitations. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the prospects for using blockchain technologies in ensuring the transparency and traceability of the origin of goods. The object of the study is the processes of formation and control of information about the origin of goods in supply chains, the subject is theoretical and applied aspects of the application of blockchain technologies in systems for recording events of the product life cycle. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of analysis and synthesis, which are used to generalize domestic and foreign scientific approaches to the problem of traceability of goods; a comparative method used to compare traditional information systems and blockchain solutions; a systemic approach, which allowed to form a holistic vision of the integration of blockchain into the management of commodity flows. In the course of the study, the author analyzed modern directions of use of blockchain technologies, identified their advantages and limitations, and also outlined the conditions for effective implementation in practice of ensuring transparency of the origin of goods. It is concluded that blockchain technology should be considered as an infrastructure element of a comprehensive system for controlling and managing the origin of goods, the effectiveness of which depends on the quality of primary data, the level of digital maturity of market participants, and consistency with existing mechanisms of expert assessment and regulatory oversight.
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