STATE OF TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AND DYNAMICS OF RENEWAL OF EQUIPMENT PARK

Abstract

The article provides a thorough analysis of the current state and transformation trends of the technical potential of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine amidst global instability and military-economic challenges. The methodological basis of the study is formed by the dialectical method of cognition and a systematic approach to studying economic phenomena, which allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the technical potential state within a dynamic external environment. A combination of general scientific and special methods was utilized, specifically: theoretical generalization and comparison to analyze the contributions of domestic and foreign scholars regarding financial and credit support and innovative development of the agricultural sector; statistical and economic analysis for processing official data on the movement of agricultural machinery and identifying renewal patterns; and the grouping and graphic visualization method for investigating territorial differentiation of technical equipment across Ukrainian regions. It has been established that a recessionary type of machinery fleet renewal dominates the agricultural sector, where the intensity of decommissioning fixed assets—particularly grain harvesters and tractors—significantly outpaces the volume of investment-driven replenishment. It is proved that the widening technological gap is caused by the steady increase in the cost of innovative energy-efficient models on the global market and the limited availability of internal financing sources. A structural shift in technical provision priorities has been identified, manifested in the growth of the sprayer fleet as a tool for production intensification against the backdrop of an overall reduction in other types of machinery. Particular attention is paid to the regional aspect, where, using the example of Vinnytsia and other regions, a deep territorial disproportion in the provision of energy capacities is revealed, exacerbated by security risks in frontline areas. The necessity of developing an adaptive strategy for technical modernization is substantiated, which should be based on a combination of critical import policies, stimulation of domestic machine-building, and the implementation of digital monitoring systems. Approaches to differentiated state support for machinery renewal for various categories of farms are proposed to ensure their competitiveness and strengthen the state's food security in the long term.