TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN DAIRY MARKET: EXPORT–IMPORT FLOWS AND VALUE CHAINS
Abstract
The article examines current trends in the development of the European dairy market with a focus on the transformation of export and import flows and the formation of value-added chains. The relevance of the research is driven by profound structural changes in the European dairy sector caused by global economic instability and shifting consumer preferences toward products with higher value added. The purpose of the study is to identify key patterns in the development of the European dairy market and to determine the role of individual product segments in shaping international trade and value creation processes. The methodological framework of the research is based on statistical analysis, comparison, grouping and structural-dynamic analysis, which ensure a comprehensive assessment of trade flows and market structure. The application of these methods makes it possible to reveal long-term trends, structural shifts, and changes in the geographical orientation of dairy trade within Europe and beyond. The results of the study indicate a gradual transition from a predominantly commodity-oriented model toward a market structure dominated by high value-added products, particularly cheeses and fermented dairy products. The research also identifies the leading countries that play a central role in the redistribution of value within European value chains and highlights differences in specialization among market participants. These findings demonstrate the growing importance of processing capacities and technological upgrading as key determinants of competitiveness. The practical value of the article lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to support the development of export strategies, improve policy measures aimed at stimulating processing industries, and facilitate the integration of national producers into European value chains. The conclusions may also be useful for policymakers, business representatives, and researchers interested in the sustainable development of the dairy sector. This creates a foundation for designing long-term policies aimed at strengthening resilience and sustainability of the dairy sector.
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