ELECTRIC VEHICLES AS A KEY FACTOR IN DECARBONIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Abstract

Based on data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service, 2024 was marked by the highest atmospheric temperatures on record, with an average temperature of 15.1°C; 0.12°C higher than the previous highest annual value, which occurred in 2023. It is also indicated that, according to experts, 2024 was 0.72°C warmer than the 1991-2020 average and 1.6°C warmer than pre-industrial levels, making it the first calendar year to exceed this level by 1.5°C. Active climate change leads to hurricanes, floods, landslides, droughts, forest fires and major economic damage, which will increase in the future. It is noted that the negative consequences of human activity require immediate and active efforts by the entire global community to decarbonize the economy. The key and most important element of such decarbonization is the development of electric mobility. Information from the International Energy Agency shows a very dynamic increase in sales of electric vehicles of various types. It is shown that the world leader in this area is China, which is constantly strengthening its position. Noticeable dynamics of electric vehicle sales are observed in Europe, especially in Germany. The United States is developing the production and use of electric vehicles, but their indicators are still insufficient. High levels of provision of residents with electric vehicles are observed in Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, which are the most progressive countries in terms of environmental responsibility. It seems that in the future, the development of electric mobility on the planet will acquire an increasingly dynamic character. To establish electric mobility, correct and comprehensive management decisions are needed in the context of decarbonization management.