LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of logistics activities in the field of international e-commerce. It was found that since the inception of e-commerce in 1994, it has gradually spread around the world and continues to gain momentum. The development of international e-commerce was significantly influenced by the global pandemic COVID-19, which spurred the rapid development of global retail trade. The analysis of the types of international e-commerce gave grounds to single out the B2C model – the sale of goods and services to individuals as one of the priority segments of the e-logistics market. In the segment of the world market of electronic logistics activities, the following elements of its infrastructure and logistics support can be distinguished: electronic trade lines; internet showcases; online stores (e-shops, e-shop); online auctions; electronic supermarkets; online trading systems. In 2020, the volume of electronic retail sales exceeded 4.28 trillion US dollars worldwide, and in 2021, according to forecasts, it will reach 4.89 trillion US dollars, and in 2024 – 6.39 trillion US dollars . Despite the COVID-19 pandemic and the decline in offline sales worldwide, there has been a two-fold increase in international e-commerce in all regions of the world. The undisputed leaders of growth were: Latin (36.7%) and North America (31.8%). As for the analysis of e-commerce by country, China will continue to lead the global e-commerce market in 2021 ($ 2.8 trillion), followed by a significant lag in the US ($ 843 billion). After China and the United States, the largest e-commerce markets are the United Kingdom ($ 169 billion), Japan ($ 144.08 billion) and South Korea ($ 120.56 billion). Among the types of logistics activities of e-commerce enterprises should be distinguished outsourcing logistics activities (performing logistics operations by the company's own division; fulfilment), logistics outsourcing (fulfilment; postal and logistics operator; logistics provider; dropshipping) and combination of outsourcing, insourcing own division of the enterprise and the transfer of a certain percentage of operations to another enterprise).