SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ELECTRICITY GENERATION DEVELOPMENT IN HOUSEHOLDS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU
Abstract
In recent years, the need to transform the electric power sector in the direction of digitalization and the transition to sustainable development has become much more urgent. The purpose of the article is to consider the main trends in the development of the electric power industry in Ukraine and the EU, to carry out a corresponding comparative analysis at the level of households. The study revealed the main trends in electricity consumption in Ukrainian and EU households. It was found that electricity consumption in our country is one of the lowest among the analyzed neighboring countries and is significantly lower than the European average. Factors affecting the change in electricity consumption are identified: energy efficiency, introduction of renewable energy sources and reforms in the energy sector. A comparative analysis of electricity prices for households in European countries was carried out, which testified to significant differences in the level of tariffs and the pricing structure. The basic forecasts regarding the volumes of electricity consumption in Ukrainian households in the post-war period are considered. According to the positive scenario, the recovery of the economy and the increase in the standard of living of the population are expected. Provided that investments are attracted, a positive trend towards the growth of electricity consumption due to the growth of aggregate demand is predicted. The negative scenario is a long-term post-war recession, slow growth of population welfare and restoration of generating capacities. At the same time, it is difficult to predict the consumption of electrical energy in the post-war period due to migration processes and the demographic structure of the population. Recommendations are provided for improving the state of the energy industry at the micro level. In particular, to create a reliable energy system built on the basis of households, first of all, it is recommended to create a solvent demand among the population and economically favorable conditions for the construction of private solar and wind energy sources.
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