THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MARSHALL PLAN FOR THE POST-WAR ECONOMIC RECOVERY OF THE REGIONS: ITALIAN EXPERIENCE AND LESSONS FOR UKRAINE
Abstract
The Marshall Plan, implemented by the United States of America in Western Europe between 1948 and 1952, became an effective programme for the restoration of the economies of seventeen European countries destroyed by the Second World War and a model for following. Its implementation has resulted in an impressive economic recovery, increased production and productivity, and higher incomes despite extremely difficult starting conditions. The purpose of the article is to analyse the impact of the Marshall Plan on the post-war economic recovery of regions on the example of Italy and to draw parallels with the prospective recovery of Ukraine's regions after the Russian-Ukrainian war. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the scientific works of leading foreign and Ukrainian scholars. The study of scientific problems related to the peculiarities of the Marshall Plan's impact on the post-war economic development of Italian regions was carried out using the methods of critical and scientific analysis, scientific generalisation and systematisation, induction and deduction. The article discusses a number of positive effects of transport infrastructure modernisation on local economic development, including an increase in agricultural production, wider use of modern agricultural machinery, and expansion of industry and services. The targets of strategic and tactical bombing during the Second World War in Italy are disclosed, accompanied by an evaluation of the damage incurred by the bombing to the country's infrastructure. The Marshall Plan is an illustrative case of extensive public infrastructure modernisation in a European nation. Notably, the financial aid supplied to the Italian provinces within the framework of the Marshall Plan had a favourable influence on local economic growth in Italy. The financing of Italy's economic recovery under the Marshall Plan is discussed in this paper. The article presents a financial assessment of the harm inflicted on Ukraine's infrastructure after Russia's military aggression.
References
Bayard P.H. The Marshall Plan and Its Meaning. Cornell University Press. 1955. 424 p.
Bianchi N., Giorcelli M. Reconstruction Aid, Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development:The Case of the Marshall Plan in Italy. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. No. 29537. 2021. DOI: 10.3386/w29537. URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w29537
Eichengreen B., Uzan M., Crafts N. and Hellwig M. The Marshall Plan: economic effects and implications for Eastern Europe and the former USSR. Economic Policy. 1992. Vol. 7. No. 14. P. 13¬75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1344512
Machado B.F., In Search of a Usable Past: The Marshall Plan and Postwar Reconstruction Today. The George C. Marshall Foundation. 2007. 186 p.
Sorel E., Padoan P. C. The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century. OECD. 2008. 125 p.
Богдан Т.П. Основні принципи формування і спрямування міжнародної фінансової допомоги для України. Економіка України. 2015. № 4. С. 36¬44. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/EkUk_2015_4_7
Геєць В.М. До питання застосування підходів "плану Маршалла” для України. Економіка України. 2015. № 4. С. 6¬11. URL: http://economyukr.org.ua/?page_id=723&lang=uk&aid=552
Кістерський Л.Л. Формування сучасної Європи: стримування та розвиток. Економіка України. 2015. № 4. С. 19¬27. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/EkUk_2015_4_5
Tarnoff C. The Marshall Plan: Design, Accomplishments, and Significance. Congressional Research Service. 2018. 32 p. URL: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45079
Lt Col Robertson, J., Burr R., Barth, B. USAF THOR Database. 2013. URL: www.afri.au.af.mil/thor.
Knapp, M., Wolfgang F. S., Hudson M. “Reconstruction and West-Integration: The Impact of the Marshall Plan on Germany.” Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft / Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. 1981. vol. 137. no. 3. P. 415–433. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40750368.
Fauri F. Il Piano Marshall e l’Italia. BOLOGNA. Il Mulino. 2010. p. 283. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/93011
Звіт про прямі збитки інфраструктури та непрямі втрати економіки від руйнувань внаслідок військової агресії pосії проти України станом на червень 2023 року. 60 с. Київська школа економіки: сайт. 02.08.2023. URL: https://kse.ua/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/June_Damages_UKR_-Report.pdf
Bayard, P.H. (1955). The Marshall Plan and Its Meaning. Cornell University Press. 424 p.
Bianchi, N., Giorcelli, M. Reconstruction Aid, (2021). Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development:The Case of the Marshall Plan in Italy. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. No. 29537. DOI: 10.3386/w29537. Retrieved from: http://www.nber.org/papers/w29537
Eichengreen, B., Uzan ,M., Crafts, N. and Hellwig, M. (1992). The Marshall Plan: economic effects and implications for Eastern Europe and the former USSR. Economic Policy. Vol. 7. No. 14. pp. 13¬75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1344512
Machado, B.F. (2007). In Search of a Usable Past: The Marshall Plan and Postwar Reconstruction Today. The George C. Marshall Foundation. 186 p.
Sorel, E., Padoan, P. C. (2008). The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned for the 21st Century. OECD. 125 p.
Bogdan, T.P. (2015). Osnovni pryntsypy formuvannya i spryamuvannya mizhnarodnoyi finansovoyi dopomohy dlya Ukrayiny [Basic principles of formation and directions of the international financial aid for Ukraine]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny - Economy of Ukraine. № 4. pp. 36¬44. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/EkUk_2015_4_7. [in Ukrainian].
Heyets, V.M. (2015). Formuvannya suchasnoyi Yevropy: strymuvannya ta rozvytok [To the question of application of the approaches of the «Marshall plan» in Ukraine]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny - Economy of Ukraine. № 4. pp. 6–11. Retrieved from: http://economyukr.org.ua/?page_id=723&lang=uk&aid=552. [in Ukrainian].
Kisters’kyi, L.L. (2015). Formuvannya suchasnoyi Yevropy: strymuvannya ta rozvytok [Formation of modern Europe: containment and development]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny - Economy of Ukraine. № 4. Pp. 19-27. Retrieved from: http://economyukr.org.ua/?page_id=723&lang=uk&aid=554. [in Ukrainian].
Tarnoff, C. (2018). The Marshall Plan: Design, Accomplishments, and Significance. Congressional Research Service. 32 p. Retrieved from: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45079
Lt Col Robertson, J., Burr R., Barth, B. (2013). USAF THOR Database. 2013. Retrieved from: www.afri.au.af.mil/thor.
Knapp, M., Wolfgang, F. S., Hudson, M. (1981). “Reconstruction and West-Integration: The Impact of the Marshall Plan on Germany.” Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft / Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. vol. 137. no. 3. pp. 415–433. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40750368.
Fauri, F. (2010). Il Piano Marshall e l’Italia. BOLOGNA. Il Mulino. pp. 283. Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/11585/93011
Zvit pro pryami zbytky infrastruktury ta nepryami vtraty ekonomiky vid ruynuvan’ vnaslidok viys’kovoyi ahresiyi Rosiyi proty Ukrayiny stanom na cherven’ 2023 roku. [Report on direct damage to infrastructure and indirect losses to the economy from destruction as a result of russia's military aggression against Ukraine as of June 2023.] (2023). Kyiv School of Economics: Website. Retrieved from https://kse.ua/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/June_Damages_UKR_-Report.pdf [in Ukrainian].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
