EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS IN FORMING THE CLIMATE VECTOR OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
Abstract
The article analyzes the retrospective of international efforts and its evolutionary dynamics in the field of shaping the modern paradigm of a climate-neutral economy. The analysis covers key events and agreements over the past 50 years, recreating the peculiarities of the topic's development since the UN Stockholm Conference, the Rio Summit, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris and Green Agreements, the COP climate pacts, and others. The article tracks the chain and baseline dynamics of emissions against the background of the implementation of key international initiatives as a resultant indicator of efficiency in the context of the development of a climate-neutral economy. In this context, the insufficient level of consolidation of international efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of the global economy is shown, which necessitates the introduction of more stringent mechanisms at the global level. At the same time, the evolution of the regulatory part of international agreements shows that achieving "clean" emissions at the global level requires additional support in developing countries. The study emphasizes the important role of climate leadership in the implementation of international green programs. Currently, the European Union is the global engine for the implementation of most of the international agreements under consideration, demonstrating the highest rates of emissions reduction. It is shown that its positive dynamics is not enough to ensure an appropriate result at the global level. It is established that important conditions for the success and effectiveness of international agreements on emission reductions are: universal coverage of countries and their official ratification of the relevant agreements; clearly defined goals; holding interim international conferences to monitor the results of the agreements; flexible support mechanisms, especially for vulnerable regions; clarity of the points of green declarations for a wide range of stakeholders; scaling up successful EU practices and openness; the desire for multilateral involvement of countries in reducing emissions.
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