THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMING THE MODEL OF UKRAINE'S ENERGY SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL THREATS

Abstract

The current stage of global economic development is characterized by heightened instability and the transformation of energy markets. Against the backdrop of an escalating geopolitical situation, rising energy risks, and intensifying global challenges, the issue of ensuring energy security has become particularly relevant for Ukraine. The energy sector is one of the key factors of national resilience, economic development, and state sovereignty. The need to develop an effective energy security model stems from both internal structural problems within the industry and external threats linked to international instability. This paper examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for developing a model of Ukraine’s energy security in the context of contemporary internal and external threats. It substantiates the essence of the concept of “energy security” as a component of national security, defining its key characteristics, principles, and structural elements. An analysis of the current state of Ukraine’s energy sector is conducted, taking into account geopolitical challenges, military-political instability, economic risks, and dependence on imported energy resources. The main internal and external threats to energy security have been identified, with particular attention paid to the risks of disruptions in energy supply, infrastructure deterioration, insufficient diversification of energy sources, and the impact of global energy transformations. The role of public policy, institutional frameworks, and regulatory mechanisms in shaping an effective energy security system is examined. A conceptual model of Ukraine’s energy security is proposed, based on systematic, comprehensive, and adaptive approaches and taking into account the interconnection of economic, technical, environmental, and political factors. The model provides for the integration of tools for strategic planning, risk management, renewable energy development, and energy efficiency improvement. The necessity of implementing European standards and approaches to ensuring energy security in the context of Ukraine’s European integration processes is substantiated.