CLASSIFICATION OF RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Abstract

Classification of risks in the context of economic security in the tourism industry under conditions of an unstable external environment has been considered in the paper. The relevance of the study is determined by the high sensitivity of tourism to economic fluctuations, political instability, and social transformations, which significantly increase the level of uncertainty in the functioning of tourism entities. The study generalizes theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of risk and identifies its role as a factor influencing the effectiveness of tourism activities. Particular attention is paid to the systematization of risks based on a multi-criteria approach that takes into account the specifics of tourism activities and the diversity of risk sources. A comprehensive classification of risks includes a wide range of features such as the source of origin, level of impact, duration, probability, and consequences. In addition, the identification of risks is complemented by characteristics such as predictability, detectability, the nature of occurrence (systemic vs. non-systemic), the scope of impact, the nature of origin and the possibility of risk mitigation, which allows for a more comprehensive understanding of their nature. It is substantiated that a systematic approach to the identification and grouping of risks contributes to improving the validity of managerial decisions and strengthening the economic security of tourism enterprises. The proposed classification allows for a more accurate determination of the most significant risks and facilitates their consideration in the process of planning and implementing tourism products. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the proposed classification by tourism entities to improve risk management processes and enhance resilience to external challenges. Prospects for further research include the development of applied methods for quantitative risk assessment and the adaptation of international risk management standards to the specific conditions of the tourism industry.