PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE AND WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION

Abstract

The article examines current problems that limit the development of scientific and production enterprises (SPE) in Ukraine, and suggests ways to overcome them in conditions of war and economic instability. The study combines official statistics, expert interviews with enterprise managers, and the author's own SWOT analysis. The article identifies the main difficulties faced by Ukrainian SPEs: limited access to financing, lack of qualified personnel, weak state innovation policy, and restrictions on technology exports. It also notes the significant risk associated with shelling and destruction of the production base of enterprises, as well as frequent power outages, which significantly affect the attraction of investments in the development of SPEs. Using both national and international experience, the author suggests several practical measures - the formation of scientific and production clusters, the development of public-private partnerships, and support for venture investment. It is proposed to ensure priority in the procurement of products for budget funds among domestic enterprises, as well as to provide the opportunity to export the remains of military and dual-purpose products abroad. It is also proposed to develop mechanisms for state guarantees in case of damage to the production facilities of enterprises during shelling by the aggressor country, which will provide a powerful signal to investors for the development of R&D. Using the example of JSC "R&D Saturn", the work of the R&D cluster and related enterprises was studied, which complement each other with their production facilities and ensure synergy between scientific institutions, business and state structures. The results can help politicians and business leaders develop more effective support programs and strengthen cooperation between the state, science and industry. The study concluded that sustainable development of R&D is possible only with consistent state support, investment attraction and balanced personnel policy. An integrated approach and development of R&D will help Ukraine move from the production of 3-4-tier products to 5-6-tier products.