DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AS THE BASIS FOR BUILDING AN INNOVATION CLUSTER
Abstract
The article examines the evolution of spatial advantages of business in the context of globalization and technological dynamics. It is shown that the traditional benefits of digital concentration of enterprises are partially leveled, and an innovative environment of interaction, rapid exchange of knowledge and interdisciplinary cooperation comes to the fore. The central category is defined as an innovation cluster - a territorial concentration of innovatively active firms, educational and research institutes, suppliers and customers, united by common technological chains. The key mechanisms for increasing the competitiveness of clusters are analyzed: intensive knowledge and technological spillovers; close ties of business with universities and research institutes; standardization and internal specialization; export orientation. Regional effects are noted - growth in employment, income and acceleration of scientific and technological progress. It is shown that the effects of knowledge spillovers are mostly localized, but the technological and cultural diversity of participants enhances the innovative productivity of the cluster. International networks and transnational connections reduce transaction costs, increase talent mobility and promote the recombination of knowledge. It is shown that the highest results are achieved by clusters that combine both logics through partnerships, common data platforms and collective management tools. Practical implications: support for cluster initiatives in the format of public-private partnerships, development of digital and scientific infrastructure, access to financing and increased absorptive capacity. Results: acceleration of technology diffusion, alignment of value chains from idea to market, formation of sustainable regional ecosystems for global competition. The role of leadership and institutions that set the rules of interaction and ensure the trust of participants is emphasized. Thus, a cluster is a unique management structure in which enterprises and commercial organizations can effectively interact with scientific and educational institutions, regional authorities.
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