ACCOUNTING OF FINISHED PRODUCTS AT FRUIT AND BERRY PROCESSING ENTERPRISES: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Abstract

The article examines the essence of finished products as the final result of raw material processing that meets quality and safety standards and is intended for sale. The regulatory framework for accounting of finished products is analyzed, with particular attention paid to national accounting standards (NAS 9 "Inventories," NAS 15 "Revenue," NAS 16 "Expenses"), international standards (IAS 2 "Inventories," IAS 41 "Agriculture"), tax legislation, as well as internal enterprise documents. Specific features of the industry are highlighted, including seasonality of production, the presence of biological assets in the processing cycle, losses, and waste. The document flow is considered, which includes the stages of recording, storage, and shipment of products using standard forms, electronic document management, and inventory. The significance of analytical accounting is justified, as it ensures detailed recording by type, quality, packaging, batches, storage location, and sales channels. An example of a working chart of accounts and corresponding accounting entries is presented. Methods of finished products valuation are analyzed—actual cost, standard cost, and accounting prices—with the advantages of the standard costing method for enterprises with continuous production emphasized. Determined the key accounting problems: complexity of calculating cost, managerial and organizational issues, lagging behind modern technologies and innovations. Solutions for these issues have been proposed, including the development of industry-specific standards, implementation of the normative costing method, adoption of a management accounting system, professional development for staff, automation of warehouse accounting, introduction of electronic document management, and implementation of ERP systems. The prospects for accounting development are linked to process digitalization, the advancement of analytical accounting, integration with logistics systems, transparency of quality control, improvement of valuation methodology, and harmonization with international standards. The results obtained provide a practical basis for optimizing finished products accounting at fruit and berry processing enterprises and improving management efficiency.