CUSTOMS AND TARIFF REGULATION IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING INVESTEMNT ATTRACTIVENESS AND FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE
Abstract
The relevance of the study lies in the decisive role of customs and tariff regulation in the context of global economic instability and wartime challenges as a tool influencing the investment attractiveness, foreign economic activity, and financial security of the state. For Ukraine, which is in a phase of economic recovery and European integration transformations, the search for an optimal tariff policy model is critically important for ensuring sustainable economic growth and macro-financial stability. The aim of the study is to substantiate the mechanisms of the impact of customs and tariff instruments on the investment attractiveness and financial security of the state, to develop the author’s conceptual model of their interaction with macroeconomic indicators, and to formulate practical recommendations for optimizing tariff policy. The study employs a set of general scientific and special methods, including analysis and synthesis – to generalize theoretical approaches to customs and tariff regulation; the statistical method – to interpret data on the Investment Attractiveness Index, volumes of foreign direct investment, real GDP, and the Bank Capital to Assets Ratio; and the graphical method – to visually present the results. The study established that a balanced, predictable, and adaptive tariff policy positively correlates with the dynamics of investment inflows, economic growth indicators, and financial stability, whereas its imbalance creates risks for the balance of payments, the exchange rate, and debt security. The proposed author’s conceptual model of the impact of customs and tariff instruments makes it possible to determine the optimal parameters of rates, benefits, and quotas, while the developed risk map classifies threats by their level of impact and probability, providing a basis for systematic monitoring and adjustment of regulatory decisions. The conclusions substantiate the feasibility of implementing a comprehensive approach to customs and tariff policy that combines tariff optimization, strategic export stimulation, digitalization of customs procedures, and the introduction of continuous risk management as a component of financial security.
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