MODERN APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADAPTATION MECHANISM OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL TURBULENCE

Abstract

The modern world is characterized by a high speed and intensity of changes that significantly affect the functioning of economic systems at all levels. It has been studied the key factors of global financial instability: demographic, civilizational, technological, and allocational; it has been proposed to supplement them with biological-epidemiological, geopolitical, and climatic factors, given their growing impact on economic systems at various levels. A comparative analysis of the categories “adaptation” and “adaptability” has been conducted; the study established that, with regard to economic systems of any level, and especially macro- and mega-level economic systems, adaptation should be considered as a process of transformation involving changes in the structure, parameters, properties, and functioning algorithms of the economic system under the influence of both exogenous and endogenous factors. The main forms of adaptation have been examined: assimilation – adjustment to changes without structural reorganization of the system, and accommodation – deep transformation of the structure, mechanisms, and development strategies. The process of accommodation may be initiated either independently, when the degree of disruption to the system’s stability is so significant that it cannot be restored through assimilation, or as the next stage of adaptation, if the assimilation process has not yielded the desired results and has failed to stabilize the system. It has been proposed to consider the adaptation mechanism of an economic system at any level as a set of four subsystems: sensory system – responsible for collecting information about the state of the environment and the changes occurring within it; signal interpretation system – designed to analyze information about environmental changes, assess the extent of their impact, and decide whether a response is required; effector system – responsible for developing strategy and tactics, directly responding to environmental changes, and implementing the necessary processes; regulatory system – monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of response processes and their impact on interaction with the updated environment, and, if necessary, adjusts responses or activates additional mechanisms.