THE ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN STRENGTHENING THE ENERGY SECURITY OF THE EU: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Abstract

The article examines the strategic role of renewable energy in ensuring the energy security of the European Union under conditions of geopolitical instability, energy price volatility, and long-term climate commitments. The study emphasizes the importance of reducing the dependence of EU countries on imported energy resources and strengthening the resilience, sustainability, and autonomy of national energy systems through the large-scale development and implementation of renewable energy sources (RES). The paper presents an overview of current EU political strategies in the field of renewable energy, particularly the European Green Deal, Fit for 55, and REPowerEU initiatives, outlining their key objectives, implementation mechanisms, timelines, and expected policy impacts. The structure and dynamics of RES in the energy mix of EU member states are analyzed, with a focus on the predominance of wind, hydropower, and biomass, as well as the rapid expansion of solar energy technologies and their market penetration. The article also highlights the factors contributing to the uneven deployment of renewables across EU countries, including geographical potential, institutional capacity, fiscal tools, regulatory frameworks, and public awareness. Particular attention is paid to the economic implications of the green energy transition, such as stabilization of electricity prices, reduction of energy import dependency, new employment opportunities in green industries, technological innovation, and increased attractiveness for clean energy investments. A conceptual logical model of the interrelation between the development of RES, political decision-making, and socio-economic effects is constructed and described. The model illustrates how the expansion of renewable capacities enhances energy security and climate resilience, influences policy agendas, and generates long-term economic benefits. The article concludes with recommendations on the applicability of the model to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe as a tool for promoting energy independence, economic resilience, and climate neutrality in the face of modern geopolitical challenges.