THE ROLE OF DUAL EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN WAR CONDITIONS

Abstract

This article explores the critical function of dual education in preserving and developing human capital during wartime in Ukraine. Amid large-scale disruptions to educational infrastructure, forced migration of students and faculty, and increased social and economic instability, the education system faces unprecedented challenges. The war has significantly intensified the need for adaptable, practice-oriented learning models that can ensure continuity and relevance in higher education, especially in vocational and professional training. Drawing upon international studies and national experiences, the article highlights dual education as a dynamic and flexible approach that integrates academic learning with workplace training. The dual model, already proven in stable economies such as Germany, is being re-evaluated in Ukraine’s volatile context as a solution for rapid economic recovery, social reintegration of displaced persons, and reduction of youth unemployment. Based on reports by institutions such as UNESCO, OECD, CEDOS, and the World Bank, the study affirms that dual education enhances professional competencies, fosters early labor market entry, and increases resilience of the socio-economic system. It also provides a means of resocialization for internally displaced persons (IDPs), veterans, and war-affected youth. Through a case study of Odesa National Economic University (ONEU), the article analyzes the implementation of dual higher education programs and short-term vocational retraining courses such as “Coffee Startup,” which combines classroom instruction with hands-on experience in cooperation with local businesses. The findings illustrate how such models facilitate entrepreneurial thinking, workforce readiness, and personal empowerment under crisis conditions. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for expanding dual education partnerships, investing in digital infrastructure, and integrating psychological support services into educational programs. These strategies are seen as critical to safeguarding the long-term development of Ukraine's human capital and building an adaptive education system aligned with labor market needs in times of war and recovery.