THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive study of the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and the role of international organizations in promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The author analyzes the historical stages of formation of the concept of sustainable development - from the limited ecological approach of the 1970s to the modern multidimensional vision that integrates economic, social and environmental components. The author defines the essence and structure of the SDGs adopted in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which include 17 goals, 169 targets and 232 indicators. It is shown that the SDGs are a universal tool for overcoming global challenges, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation, and are integrated in nature, where the achievement of one goal contributes to the realization of others. Particular attention is paid to the activities of key international organizations - the UN, the World Bank, the IMF and the European Union - in the context of their participation in financing, coordination, technical assistance and promotion of policies aimed at implementing the SDGs. Examples of practical implementation of projects with the participation of UNDP, UNEP and other organizations in the period of 2020-2024 are highlighted. The main challenges in achieving the SDGs are analyzed: lack of funding (in particular, the annual gap of $4 trillion for developing countries), political instability, lack of unified mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating progress, and problems of access to quality statistics. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the effective implementation of the SDGs requires strengthening global partnerships, introducing innovative financial instruments (green bonds, blended finance, crowdfunding), and actively using digital technologies to monitor and increase transparency of governance. The need for close coordination between international organizations, states, the private sector and civil society to consolidate efforts to achieve sustainable development at the global level is emphasized.