ASYMMETRY IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS: SOURCES OF ORIGIN AND FORMS OF MANIFESTATION
Abstract
A fundamental characteristic of international trade and economic relations is the disproportionality of the development of national economies. The article is devoted to defining the essence, sources of occurrence and forms of manifestation of asymmetry in international trade and economic relations. Based on the generalization of approaches to the interpretation of this concept, asymmetry in international trade and economic relations is defined as a violation of the symmetry of such relations, which will be manifested in the uneven distribution of economic potential, resources, technologies and other factors among their participants. Based on the understanding of asymmetry as an integral characteristic of trade relations since their inception, the factors of asymmetry (geographical, technological, political, socio-cultural) are determined and their influence on international trade and economic relations is characterized. The sources of asymmetry in international trade and economic relations determine the forms (directions) of its manifestation. The article substantiates that the asymmetry of international trade and economic relations should be considered as a derivative of the asymmetries of global development (economic, investment, informational, social), which directly affect the possibilities of realizing the potential of countries on world markets. The sources of asymmetry in trade and economic relations of countries are determined by previously significant and systematized factors, the forms of manifestation of which include: imbalance of trade exchange, unequal conditions of competition, difference in access to markets, dependence on investments, differences in production costs. The identified manifestations of asymmetries emphasize their derivative character from asymmetries of global development and are a logical result of asymmetries in international trade and economic relations. In turn, the results of determining the essence of the asymmetry of international trade and economic relations create grounds for analyzing preferential trade and economic agreements concluded between partners with disproportionate rates and levels of economic development.
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