ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL AND CYCLICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE DYNAMICS OF THE LABOR MARKET

Abstract

The article discusses issues of unemployment in a market economy. In states with modern economies, where thousands of firms operate and millions of workers are employed, unemployment is inevitable. Losing a job leads not only to a decrease in the current material standard of living, but also to the emergence of uncertainty about the future, as well as a feeling of personal inferiority. Due to the fact that people who want to work, but do not have a job, do not have the opportunity to contribute to increasing the production of goods and services, the number of unemployed people in a country is an even more obvious indicator of its economic distress. The article identifies the main causes of unemployment (low wages, the establishment of higher wage rates for equal income, “oversupply” of the population, the presence of a monopson on the market, the emergence of new stages in people’s personal life, etc. other professional interests, retraining, retraining, geographical movement of people) and the reasons for saving the employee’s unemployment (stability of employment, problems with payment of unemployment assistance, uninterrupted work experience for compensation of pensions, work in small localities, saving of personnel for the enterprise for the future, for enterprises there is no є funds for payment of wages to workers). Structural factors contributing to the level of unemployment have been identified: crises (war), inflation, changes in the exchange rate. A negative influx of military actions on the development of the drug market has been established. For 2021-2023 rubles. A change in the inflation rate is expected. An increase in the value of foreign currency was revealed, including the hryvnia. Positive trends in the food market have been observed – a change in the number of unemployed people. We analyzed cyclical factors in relation to the unemployment rate and the dynamics of the market: technological innovations, demographic processes, consumer shocks. With the expansion of new technologies, there is a great influx (both positive and negative) into the consumer goods market. During the war, a large number of the population changed due to the natural movement (change of people) and the mechanical one (a large number of people who moved more than those who came to Ukraine).