ECONOMIC AND HISTORICAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF UNIVERSITIES: STRATEGIES, MODELS, CONSEQUENCES
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study the economic, social and historical foundations of the formation and development of the international network of higher education institutions, their evolution models and strategies, influence on the formation and further development of the national economies of European countries. The article analyzes the main strategies and models of the formation and evolution of higher education institutions. Their specific features are highlighted in the historical and geographical context. Special attention is paid to the study of the historical and economic component in the multidimensional set of factors that determined and determine the peculiarities of the development of the higher education system on a national and international scale. The stages of the rise of university education are distinguished according to the chronological line. The article analyzes the peculiarities of its origin and development in the Mediterranean, Southern, Central, Western Europe. The meaningful features of the organization of the educational, scientific, methodical process in various models of the formation of higher education institutions are revealed. The role of universities in promoting the flourishing of national (micro-national) economies of feudal states, which ensured either the autochthonous birth of higher education institutions within their own territories or supported their external implantation, is shown. At the same time, the economic conditions of the formation of university education are analyzed. It is shown that an important factor in the effective development of higher education institutions was the political competition between those in power. The role of providing numerous donations on their part, with the corresponding establishment of patronage and granting of privileges to universities and the academic community, was revealed, which was supposed to emphasize the advantages of their states and state policy, to exalt the autocrats as among their contemporaries. It was determined that the historical, structural and meaningful development of the international European network of higher education institutions determined the formation of the modern university system. It is shown that her achievements had a significant influence and will continue to influence the evolution of the national system of higher education.
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