EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN EU COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE'S EU MEMBERSHIP PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
The article highlights the effectiveness of entrepreneurship (business) development in the countries of the European Union (EU). General quantitative indicators of the effectiveness of the development of active enterprises in the business economy of the EU countries are given, which is based on aggregated data for industry, construction and the service sector, their level of creation and level of survival, without taking into account the activities of holding companies. It was noted that the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 significantly affected the effectiveness of the development of the business environment, in particular, it led to a temporary decrease and in some cases the cessation of development of some business sectors, which was directly correlated to the level of creation of new business entities. It is noted that despite this trend, in 2020 the business environment of the EU is made up of 26.3 million active enterprises. The largest number of active enterprises is registered in France (4.5 million) and Italy (3.8 million), Spain (3.1 million) and Germany (2.6 million). Service sector enterprises are dominant in each country characterized by the highest share of active enterprises. It was noted that more than 2.3 million enterprises were created during 2020, of which about 82% continued their activities without closing down, but the number of newly created enterprises compared to 2019 decreased by approximately 265,800 enterprises. Speaking about the effectiveness of entrepreneurship development, it should be noted that such enterprises provide significant employment for the population. Thus, according to the data, Germany has the highest number of employees in all enterprises in terms of economic sectors, with an indicator of 28.6 million people out of the total number of 131.2 million people in the EU. The second position in the rating with an indicator of 17.1 million people is occupied by France, and Italy closes the top three with an indicator of employment in all sectors of the economy at 15.4 million people. The number of newly created enterprises in relation to the total number of active enterprises decreased in 2020 compared to 2019 by 11.6%. An overall analysis of the comparison of the two years shows that the level of new business creation increased in only 6 Member States and decreased in 20 Member States.
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