COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TAX SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE

Abstract

The article considers the peculiarities of the construction of tax systems in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The specific weight of tax payments in the structure of gross domestic product of EU countries, USA, Japan and Ukraine is investigated. The essence of basic taxes: the value-added tax, the personal income tax, the corporate income tax and so on is considered. The maximum rates of taxes in Ukraine and in other countries are analyzed. It is proved that the basic problem in formation of tax systems consists in optimization of requirements in tax receipts with possibilities of their reception. The principle of simplicity of administration which consists in minimization of expenses for payment of taxes, simplicity of their calculation, reduction of time for their control is characterized. The features of the principle of social orientation of tax system aimed at solving social problems are given. The estimation of tax pressure in Ukraine and other countries of the world is made. The total number of taxes in different countries was analyzed. It was found that in Ukraine unlike in foreign countries indirect taxes prevail in the structure of tax revenues. The positive and negative characteristics of the tax system of Ukraine were studied. It was found that the tax systems of different countries were formed under the influence of different economic, political and social conditions. The fundamental principles of the optimal tax system are highlighted. It has been revealed that there are two approaches to income taxation: direct and progressive systems of taxation. The direct taxation scale does not correspond to the principle of social equality because low-income and well-to-do people pay the same percentage of their income to the budget Progressive taxation system is applied in the leading countries of the world. It has been proved that Ukraine has an optimal number of taxes in comparison with EU countries, which indicates that they are relatively easy to administer. In our country, the overwhelming majority of the budget revenues are indirect taxes, that is, taxes paid by the final consumer. It is proved that the process of tax collection should be organized in such a way as to contribute more to the realization of the policy of conjuncture and employment by accumulating financial resources. Directions for improving the efficiency of tax systems are identified. Conclusions were drawn that the tax system of Ukraine is a problematic one.