ASSESSMENT OF THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN TRADE WITH EU COUNTRIES
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the development of Ukraine's foreign trade in the conditions of a full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine, changes in the geography of the foreign economic activity of domestic enterprises, the formation of new logistics routes and the strengthening of European integration priorities for the development of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to analyze and assess the structure and dynamics of Ukraine's foreign trade with EU countries. The progress of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of trade and economic cooperation has been analyzed. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of Ukraine's export and import structure was carried out on the basis of a comparative analysis of the development of Ukraine's foreign trade with EU countries and the world as a whole; calculations of the concentration index of the total export and import of Ukraine and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index in order to assess the level of the country's dependence on the situation in external European markets. The calculation of the Grubel-Lloyd index made it possible to assess the level of development of intra-industry trade of Ukraine and EU countries in general and by individual product groups. The increase in trade openness of Ukraine relative to the EU countries, the degree of dependence of the national economy on the sale of goods on the markets of EU countries, the strengthening of Ukraine's import dependence on products from the EU increase the dependence of the development of the national economy on the level and nature of cooperation with European countries. The concentration index of Ukraine's exports to EU countries remains sufficiently large, at the level of 0.3, with a growing trend. The "bottlenecks" of the development of the European integration processes of our country in the foreign economic sphere are the deepening of raw material specialization of domestic exports and the predominance of low-tech products in the commodity structure of Ukraine-EU foreign trade. Ukraine's foreign trade policy should be oriented towards diversification of the export structure, deepening intra-industry trade in goods with a high degree of processing, establishing new value-added chains in technological, science-intensive and innovative industries.
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