DEVELOPMENT OF SEAPORTS: WORLD PRACTICES AND MAIN LESSONS
Abstract
The article is aimed at solving the topical issue of the formation of new approaches to the development of the domestic port industry. The purpose of the work is to study the world practices of the development of seaports for further adaptation of the best of them in Ukraine. The role of maritime transport in the global transport system and the importance of seaports for the national economy are proved. The volume of international maritime trade as prerequisites for the development of the global port industry is studied. The throughput capacity of seaports depending on the regions of the world and the cargo turnover of industry leaders are analyzed. It has been established that Asian ports play a significant role in world maritime trade and shipping, which provide 65.3% of the volume of sea container traffic and occupy the first nine places in the ranking of the largest ports in the world. It is noted that most of them are located in China. Based on the analysis of the situation on the global sea transportation market, attention is focused on increasing competition. It is established that in order to increase the efficiency of logistics operations, the world's leading seaports are transforming the concept of their development by introducing modern digital technologies. Based on the study of the main trends in their development, the practices that, in the conditions of adaptation, can be used in the reform of the port industry of Ukraine are summarized. Namely: the use of robotic and remotely controlled loading and unloading systems; the introduction of the Internet of Things; Blockchain logistics technologies for organizing a logistics network; the use of various online logistics service platforms that are being implemented by companies serving port terminals. It is noted that such technologies are of practical importance, since they allow increasing the competitive advantages of the port by expanding activities beyond traditional loading and unloading operations; optimizing the movement of ships and cargo, automating processes in terminals; obtaining accessible, prompt, reliable information about logistics operations.
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