ASSESSING INVESTMENT RISKS OF IT COMPANIES IN CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY

Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of investment risk assessment of IT enterprises under conditions of geopolitical instability. The relevance of the research is the growing influence of external political, economic, and technological factors on the functioning of IT companies in the context of globalization and digital transformation. The paper examines the essence of investment risks, their classification, and the specific features of their manifestation in the IT sector, which is characterized by a high level of innovation, rapid technological change, and strong dependence on human capital. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of key risk factors, including political, economic, operational, technological, and regulatory risks that significantly affect the investment attractiveness and financial stability of IT enterprises. The study highlights that geopolitical instability, including military conflicts, economic sanctions, and increased cyber threats, creates additional challenges for business continuity and strategic development. Special emphasis is placed on the application of an integrated approach to risk assessment, which involves the formation of a generalized risk indicator based on a system of interrelated criteria. Such an approach allows for a more accurate evaluation of the resilience, adaptability, and overall performance of IT enterprises, especially in crisis conditions. The practical part of the study includes the analysis of real cases of leading IT companies that have faced geopolitical challenges. These cases demonstrate effective strategies for risk mitigation, such as geographic diversification, implementation of distributed teams, investment in cloud technologies and cybersecurity, and rapid adaptation to external changes. The results of the research confirm that effective investment risk management requires a systematic and flexible approach that combines strategic planning, continuous monitoring of the external environment, and the implementation of modern risk management tools.