METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE COMPREHENSIVE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL AND GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TOURISM ENTERPRISES

Abstract

The article explores the role of the comprehensive application of digital and geographic information system (GIS) technologies in shaping sustainable tourism management practices. The integration of spatial analytics, digital platforms, and data-driven decision-making tools is considered a key component of modern environmental and economic governance in tourism. The study highlights how GIS and digital technologies jointly contribute to improving the efficiency of planning, monitoring, risk assessment, and communication processes within tourism destinations. A conceptual model is proposed in which GIS serves as a spatial backbone for organizing tourism-related data, while digital technologies—such as cloud platforms, mobile apps, and online dashboards—enhance accessibility, visualization, and stakeholder interaction. Based on global and regional case insights, including sustainable tourism initiatives in the Carpathian region, the paper demonstrates how this combined approach supports balanced development by aligning tourism growth with environmental conservation and social accountability. The article argues that such a comprehensive approach enables tourism enterprises and regional authorities to better respond to global challenges such as climate change, overtourism, and resource depletion. It also contributes to the transparency of decision-making and improves the competitiveness of destinations through smarter infrastructure and visitor flow management. The findings emphasize the strategic importance of integrated digital and GIS tools in transitioning toward data-informed, ecologically responsible tourism governance. The proposed approach supports both strategic planning and real-time operational oversight, enhancing the adaptability and sustainability of tourism systems in various geographic contexts. In addition, it facilitates the creation of spatially explicit environmental indicators and strengthens institutional capacity for cross-sectoral coordination. The study concludes that such digital integration is not only a technological shift but a structural transformation in the philosophy of managing tourism systems.