ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ЄС В УМОВАХ ГЕОПОЛІТИЧНИХ РИЗИКІВ І ВІЙСЬКОВИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Анотація
Стаття присвячена обґрунтуванню основних тенденції та перспектив розвитку енергетичного комплексу ЄС на основі системного підходу в умовах геополітичних ризиків і військових конфліктів. Розкрито зміст поняття енергетичного комплексу ЄС, систематизовано елементи енергетичного комплексу ЄС і дана їх характеристика. Проаналізовано показники загального обсягу доступної енергії за видами палива в ЄС у 2019-2023 рр. та визначено тенденцію до зниження за всіма видами палива, крім відновлюваних джерел енергії. Досліджено структуру видів палива в загальному обсязі доступної енергії ЄС у 2023 р. (частка нафти та нафтопродуктів –37,62%, природного газу – 20,39%, твердого викопного палива – 9,38%). Структура кінцевого споживання енергії така: транспорт (32,0%), домогосподарства (26,3%), промисловість (24,6%) та послуги (13,5%), сільське господарство (3,2%). Розкрито ключові тенденції розвитку комплексу енергетики ЄС: зміна енергетичного балансу, швидке зростання відновлюваних джерел енергії, зниження залежності від викопного палива, акцент на енергетичній незалежності. Представлено виклики розвитку енергетичного комплексу ЄС Прискорення енергетичного переходу: брак фінансування, залежність від імпорту енергоносіїв, зниження економічної конкурентоспроможності, енергетична бідність; перспективи – колективні європейські дії, прискорення енергетичного переходу, технологічна інтеграція, модернізація мережі, доступність та безпека енергетики,
Посилання
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