STRATEGIC INITIATIVES OF EU COUNTRIES REGARDING ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AS A GUIDELINE FOR THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the features of modern development strategies of the most powerful European countries - Germany, Great Britain and France. It follows from the article that at the current stage of development, these countries are betting not only on innovative technologies in the classical sense, but also on technologies that reduce man-made impact on the environment. The corresponding doctrine was called the "green course”. In 2019, the European Commission approved the "European Green Pact" - a series of measures in such areas as: climate change, energy, biodiversity, industrial policy, trade and in some others, aimed at achieving "climate neutrality" of economic activity by 2050. In general, the new "green course" is not so much about ecology as about the transition to a higher economic structure and the creation of prerequisites for increasing the technological "gap" of Western countries from dynamically developing Asian economies (primarily China). The "European Green Pact" is rather a framework document that defines the general direction of transformations in the specified areas. As for industrial development, the Industrial Alliances program, which includes a list of Important Projects of Common European Interest, is devoted to these issues at the level of the European Commission. At the beginning of 2021, the European Commission announced the launch of a new industrial alliance aimed at the development of such sectors as: the development of microprocessors and semiconductor technologies, the development of industrial databases and cloud technologies, spacecraft launch systems and "clean" aviation. That is, sectors in which the EU feels significant dependence on external suppliers. An important feature revealed by a more detailed study of the list of projects of common European interest is that its implementation covers the production capacities of mainly three European countries: Germany, Britain, and France. And these countries have the most comprehensive programs of economic and industrial development at the national level. All the measures listed in this study provide Ukraine with clear guidelines regarding the directions of economic development, which are relevant and promising in the coming decades.