POPULATION AGING IN UKRAINE AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITY OF OLDER ADULTS
Abstract
Ukraine has long been among the countries with the largest share of older adults and high rates of demographic aging. The purpose of the paper is to assess the problem of the aging population in Ukraine and to propose measures to overcome the social vulnerability of older adults in the war conditions. The research used a comparative method – to study changes in the age population structure and the share of older adults in Ukraine, regional features of aging, graphic and cartographic methods – to visually present the main results of the work, inductive and deductive methods – to formulate the main directions of the implementation of the active aging policy and reduction of social vulnerability. The increase in the share of older adults in Ukraine is a consequence of long-term trends of change in the demographic reproduction processes, namely, the drop in the birth rate, the stabilization of the mortality rate, and the increase in the population life expectancy. By the beginning of 2022, every fourth resident of Ukraine was aged 60+. The rapid rate of urban population aging (from 20 to 25% over the last 10 years) and the leveling of differences in this process between the urban and rural population were revealed. Aging in Ukraine has significant regional differences. The oldest population is in the eastern, north-eastern and central regions, the highest growth rates of the older adults' share of elderly people in the last 20 years are in the eastern and southern regions, which are now fully or partially occupied by russia. The full-scale war, in addition to the physical population destruction mutilations, and deterioration of the population's health, caused powerful waves of external and internal migration, intensifying the processes of demographic aging and social vulnerability of older adults. Measures to implement the policy of reducing social vulnerability should be implemented at all administrative levels and relate to the following areas: improving health, employment and wages, productive activity and participation in community life, improving social and transport infrastructure, increasing the level of digital competences.
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