METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING CRITICAL POSITIONS OF THE ENTERPRISE BASED ON THE POSITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

Abstract

The article examines the problem of determining critical positions within an enterprise as an essential component of ensuring personnel resilience, economic security, and business continuity under conditions of military, mobilization, and personnel-related risks. It is substantiated that existing approaches to personnel reservation and the reservation of persons liable for military service lack an objective mechanism for identifying positions whose loss creates the greatest threat to enterprise functioning. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for determining critical positions based on the positional and functional approach. The research employs systems analysis, functional modelling, structural and logical generalization, expert evaluation, and index analysis. A conceptual model is developed that establishes the relationship between strategic objectives, critical functions, critical positions, personnel resilience, and business continuity. A conceptual model of the methodology comprising eight interrelated stages is proposed. A system of evaluation criteria and an integrated Critical Position Index is introduced to quantify the impact of positions on the performance of critical enterprise functions. The methodology was tested at a model manufacturing enterprise, confirming its applicability for ranking positions according to their criticality and supporting managerial decision-making on personnel resilience and critical position reservation. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a methodology that determines the criticality of positions through their contribution to critical enterprise functions rather than through the assessment of individual employees. The practical significance of the study consists in providing a scientific and methodological basis for personnel risk management, strengthening enterprise resilience, improving critical position reservation practices, and supporting the future establishment of the State Register of Critical Positions.