MANAGEMENT OF PERSONNEL AND FOREIGN ECONOMIC RISKS OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES UNDER THE WARTIME ECONOMY

Abstract

The article examines the interrelationship between personnel and foreign economic risks affecting agricultural enterprises in Ukraine under the conditions of the wartime economy. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing influence of military, demographic, economic and logistical challenges, which simultaneously affect labour resources, production processes and foreign economic activity. Under such conditions, agricultural enterprises require new management approaches that ensure both personnel stability and sustainable foreign economic performance. The purpose of the study is to investigate the interaction between personnel and foreign economic risks of agricultural enterprises, identify the main factors influencing their occurrence, assess their impact on production and export potential, and substantiate practical directions for integrated risk management. The research is based on a comprehensive approach combining theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, statistical analysis, systematization, synthesis, graphical interpretation and analytical assessment of economic indicators. Official statistical information on the development of Ukraine's agricultural sector, foreign trade and labour market was used to identify current trends in personnel provision and export activity. The findings demonstrate that personnel shortages, labour turnover, loss of professional competencies and insufficient workforce renewal significantly reduce production capacity and limit the export potential of agricultural enterprises. At the same time, foreign economic risks, including logistical disruptions, exchange rate fluctuations, market instability and changes in international trade conditions, negatively affect the financial performance of enterprises, reducing opportunities for personnel development, motivation and retention. As a result, personnel and foreign economic risks form a mutually reinforcing system that substantially influences the economic sustainability and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. Based on the obtained results, an integrated approach to managing personnel and foreign economic risks is proposed. The suggested management system includes four consecutive stages: continuous risk monitoring, identification of potential threats, comprehensive risk assessment and implementation of integrated management measures. The proposed measures combine personnel management instruments, foreign economic risk management tools and organizational mechanisms aimed at strengthening enterprise resilience under conditions of uncertainty. Particular attention is paid to workforce reserve formation, competency development, implementation of digital HR technologies, diversification of export markets, logistics optimization, insurance mechanisms, exchange rate risk mitigation and the introduction of an integrated enterprise risk management system. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the proposed integrated management approach in the activities of agricultural enterprises to improve personnel stability, reduce labour turnover, increase adaptability to external challenges and preserve export potential. The proposed recommendations may also be used in developing enterprise risk management strategies and improving management decision-making under the conditions of the wartime economy.