RISK MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES UNDER CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC INSTABILITY

Abstract

The growing uncertainty of the global economic environment, increasing geopolitical tensions, disruptions in international supply chains, and instability of financial markets significantly affect the conditions of foreign economic activity of enterprises. Under such circumstances, risk management becomes an essential component of ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of enterprises engaged in international business activities. The aim of the article is to investigate the main risks of foreign economic activity of enterprises, analyze the influence of contemporary global economic processes on the formation of the risk environment, and systematize the instruments of risk management under conditions of global economic instability. The research is based on a systematic approach that combines methods of scientific generalization, comparative analysis, classification, and statistical analysis. The study examines theoretical approaches to the interpretation of economic risk and uncertainty, analyzes the structure of risks affecting foreign economic activity, and evaluates the impact of current economic and geopolitical challenges on international business operations. Statistical data on Ukraine’s foreign trade dynamics are used to identify key trends and risk factors influencing enterprises operating in international markets. The results of the study demonstrate that the risk environment of foreign economic activity is characterized by a high level of complexity and interdependence of financial, commercial, logistical, political, and institutional risks. The analysis of Ukraine’s foreign trade dynamics confirms the significant influence of global economic transformations and wartime challenges on export-import operations. The study systematizes the main groups of risks affecting enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity and proposes a generalized model of the risk management process. Particular attention is paid to the practical application of financial, organizational, and strategic risk management instruments, including hedging, insurance, diversification, contractual mechanisms, and logistics optimization. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the proposed approaches and instruments to improve enterprise risk management systems, enhance adaptability to changes in the international economic environment, reduce the negative impact of external shocks, and increase the efficiency and sustainability of foreign economic activity.