FORMING A FINANCIAL MECHANISM THE FOREIGN TRADE OF ENTERPRISES WERE INVESTIGATED

Abstract

The article investigates the theoretical and practical foundations of forming a financial mechanism for managing the foreign trade activities of enterprises under conditions of globalization, economic instability, and transformational changes. It is substantiated that the efficiency of foreign trade operations depends on the quality of financial support, flexibility of management decisions, and risk management systems. The study emphasizes that modern enterprises require adaptive financial mechanisms to ensure sustainable development, liquidity, and profitability while minimizing the impact of external economic factors. The essence and structure of the financial mechanism of foreign trade activity are analyzed. It is determined that the financial mechanism represents a system of interconnected methods, instruments, and levers aimed at the organization, financing, regulation, and control of export-import operations. Key elements include financial planning, budgeting, taxation, customs regulation, currency operations, credit support, insurance, and investment provision. Special attention is paid to the influence of external and internal factors. Significant external factors include exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, international competition, and geopolitical instability. Internal factors comprise the financial condition of enterprises, management efficiency, capital structure, and personnel qualifications. The article substantiates the necessity of introducing digital technologies into foreign trade management. It is proven that digital financial platforms, automated systems, and analytical software improve the efficiency of international settlements and the transparency of operations. The importance of strategic financial planning in ensuring adaptability to changes in the international environment is highlighted. The study identifies directions for improving the financial mechanism: diversification of financial resources, optimization of financing, strengthening currency risk management, and expanding investment opportunities. The necessity of state support mechanisms to stimulate export activities and improve access to financial resources is substantiated. A comprehensive approach to forming an effective financial mechanism is proposed to increase financial stability and ensure long-term competitive advantages in the global market.