FORMATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICY FOR TAX PURPOSES: USING THE EXPERIENCE OF THE EU AND THE USA IN THE ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of forming accounting policies for taxation purposes in the context of the transformation of Ukraine’s economy and its integration into the European economic space. It is substantiated that accounting policy acts as an important tool for managing the financial results of an enterprise and ensuring effective interaction between financial accounting and tax accounting systems. It is determined that the formation of accounting policy should be based on the requirements of national legislation, international financial reporting standards, and the strategic development goals of the enterprise. The study analyzes the main factors influencing the formation of accounting policies of enterprises, including industry specifics, organizational and legal form of business, taxation system, level of material and technical support, information infrastructure, qualification of accounting personnel, and the scale of enterprise activity. It is proven that the complex impact of these factors determines the structure and content of organizational, methodological, and technical elements of accounting policy, which directly affect the formation of the tax base and the financial results of enterprise activities. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the experience of forming accounting policies for taxation purposes in the countries of the European Union and the United States. It has been established that in these countries there is a close relationship between financial accounting and taxation systems, while different approaches to the regulation of accounting information are applied, in particular the principle-based IFRS model and the rule-based GAAP model. The generalization of foreign practice made it possible to identify key elements that can be used by Ukrainian enterprises to improve the efficiency of tax planning, ensure transparency of financial reporting, and reduce tax risks. As a result of the research, the necessity of using international experience in the formation of accounting policies of Ukrainian enterprises, taking into account the peculiarities of national legislation and the economic environment, is substantiated. Directions for improving accounting policy are proposed, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of tax administration, improving the quality of financial information, and strengthening the financial stability of enterprises.