DEFINING THE «OBJECT OF KNOWLEDGE COMMERCIALIZATION» AT THE ENTERPRISE LEVEL
Abstract
The article substantiates the concept of the “object of knowledge commercialization” at the enterprise level as a special analytical category. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the existing conceptual framework based on the categories of knowledge, knowledge resource, and knowledge asset does not fully allow identifying the element of the enterprise knowledge system that becomes the subject of a specific managerial decision regarding commercialization. This complicates the transition from general knowledge management to the purposeful management of knowledge commercialization. The aim of the article is to substantiate the concept of the object of knowledge commercialization at the enterprise level in the context of distinguishing between knowledge management and the management of its commercialization. The study is based on theoretical generalization, comparison, logical-semantic analysis, categorical differentiation, abstraction, and scientific interpretation. These methods made it possible to compare the categories of knowledge, knowledge resource, and knowledge asset, determine the limits of their analytical applicability, and justify the introduction of a separate category relevant to commercialization analysis. The study shows that these categories reflect different forms of knowledge involvement in enterprise activity, but do not provide sufficient analytical clarity for identifying the element of the knowledge system that should be further evaluated and prepared for economic realization. The object of knowledge commercialization is defined as a distinguished element of the enterprise knowledge system whose commercialization is recognized as strategically relevant and managerially feasible. It is proved that this object is not another stage in the transition from knowledge to asset, but a separate analytical dimension significant for commercialization analysis. The practical value of the results lies in creating a conceptual basis for identifying knowledge relevant for commercialization, its evaluation, prioritization, and the choice of an appropriate form of economic realization at the enterprise level.
References
World Intangible Investment Highlights 2025. Geneva : World Intellectual Property Organization, 2025. 19 p. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-rn2025-8-en-world-intangible-investment-highlights.pdf
Bonaglia D., Rivera León L., Canales M., Gisbert O., Shcherbakova M., Slee J., Wunsch-Vincent S. End of Year Edition – Despite the Odds, Global R&D Spending Grew Again in 2024, Inching Closer to the USD 3 Trillion Mark. 2025. URL: https://www.wipo.int/en/web/global-innovation-index/w/blogs/2025/end-of-year-edition (дата звернення: 10.01.2026).
Johnson M. Ocean Tomo Releases Intangible Asset Market Value Study Interim Results for 2020. 2020. URL: https://oceantomo.com/insights/ocean-tomo-releases-intangible-asset-market-value-study-interim-results-for-2020/ (дата звернення: 10.01.2026).
Johnson M. Ocean Tomo Releases 2025 Intangible Asset Market Value Study Results. 2026. URL: https://oceantomo.com/insights/ocean-tomo-releases-2025-intangible-asset-market-value-study-results/ (дата звернення: 10.01.2026).
Grant R. M. Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal. 1996. Vol. 17, Iss. S2. P. 109–122.
Nonaka I. & Takeuchi H. The Knowledge-Creating Company. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. 284 p.
Davenport T. H., Prusak L. Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Boston, MA : Harvard Business School Press, 2000. 224 p.
Argote L., Ingram P. Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2000. Vol. 82, no. 1. P. 150–169. DOI: 10.1006/obhd.2000.2893.
Gairín J., Rodríguez-Gómez D., Armengol C. Agents and Processes in Knowledge Creation and Management in Educational Organisations. New Research on Knowledge Management Models and Methods. IntechOpen, 2012. P. 333–354.
Lee K. C., Lee S., Kang I. W. KMPI: Measuring Knowledge Management Performance. Information & Management. 2005. Vol. 42, no. 3. P. 469–482..
Chesbrough H. W. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston, MA : Harvard Business School Press, 2003. 227 p.
Arora A., Fosfuri A., Gambardella A. Markets for Technology: The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2004. 350 p.
Novikova, I., Zhylinska, O., Osetskiy, V., & Bediukh, O. (2020). Strategic Approaches to Activating Academic Entrepreneurship in Modern Mega-Universities: Prospects for Ukraine. Science and Innovation, 16(6), 3–17.
Yermachenko V., Hrebennyk N., Litvinov O., Klus M., Podmanická D. Commercialization of Ukrainian & Slovak Scientific Research: Facets and Implementation Algorithm. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues. 2023. Vol. 11, no. 2. P. 184–198.
Гребенник Н. Г., Лабунська О. В. Інтегрована модель управління знаннями та їх комерціалізації. Галицький економічний вісник. 2025. Т. 93, № 2. С. 125–137.
Teece D. J. Strategies for Managing Knowledge Assets: The Role of Firm Structure and Industrial Context. Long Range Planning. 2000. Vol. 33, no. 1. P. 35–54.
Літвінов О. С. Інтелектуальний капітал підприємства: сутність, оцінка, розвиток: монографія. Одеса: Астропринт, 2019. 392 с.
World Intangible Investment Highlights 2025 (2025). Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization, 19 p. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-rn2025-8-en-world-intangible-investment-highlights.pdf
Bonaglia D., Rivera León L., Canales M., Gisbert O., Shcherbakova M., Slee J., Wunsch-Vincent S. (2025) End of Year Edition – Despite the Odds, Global R&D Spending Grew Again in 2024, Inching Closer to the USD 3 Trillion Mark. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/en/web/global-innovation-index/w/blogs/2025/end-of-year-edition (accessed January 10, 2026).
Johnson M. (2020) Ocean Tomo Releases Intangible Asset Market Value Study Interim Results for 2020. Available at: https://oceantomo.com/insights/ocean-tomo-releases-intangible-asset-market-value-study-interim-results-for-2020/ (accessed January 10, 2026).
Johnson M. (2026) Ocean Tomo Releases 2025 Intangible Asset Market Value Study Results. Available at: https://oceantomo.com/insights/ocean-tomo-releases-2025-intangible-asset-market-value-study-results/ (accessed January 10, 2026).
Grant R. M. (1996) Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 17, iss. S2, pp. 109–122.
Nonaka I., Takeuchi H. (1995) The Knowledge-Creating Company. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 284 p.
Davenport T. H., Prusak L. (2000) Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 224 p.
Argote L., Ingram P. (2000) Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 150–169. DOI: 10.1006/obhd.2000.2893.
Gairín J., Rodríguez-Gómez D., Armengol C. (2012) Agents and Processes in Knowledge Creation and Management in Educational Organisations. In: New Research on Knowledge Management Models and Methods. IntechOpen, pp. 333–354.
Lee K. C., Lee S., Kang I. W. (2005) KMPI: Measuring Knowledge Management Performance. Information & Management, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 469–482.
Chesbrough H. W. (2003) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 227 p.
Arora A., Fosfuri A., Gambardella A. (2004) Markets for Technology: The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 350 p.
Novikova I., Zhylinska O., Osetskiy V., Bediukh O. (2020) Strategic Approaches to Activating Academic Entrepreneurship in Modern Mega-Universities: Prospects for Ukraine. Science and Innovation, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 3–17.
Yermachenko V., Hrebennyk N., Litvinov O., Klus M., Podmanická D. (2023) Commercialization of Ukrainian & Slovak Scientific Research: Facets and Implementation Algorithm. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 184–198.
Hrebennyk N. H., Labunska O. V. (2025) Intehrovana model upravlinnia znanniamy ta yikh komertsializatsii [Integrated model of knowledge management and their commercialization]. Halytskyi ekonomichnyi visnyk, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 125–137.
Teece D. J. (2000) Strategies for Managing Knowledge Assets: The Role of Firm Structure and Industrial Context. Long Range Planning, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 35–54.
Litvinov O. S. (2019) Intelektualnyi kapital pidpryiemstva: sutnist, otsinka, rozvytok [Intellectual capital of the enterprise: essence, assessment, development]: monohrafiia. Odesa: Astroprynt, 392 p.
Copyright (c) 2026 Наталя Гребенник
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
