DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Abstract

This article examines the theoretical foundations and practical design of an organizational-economic mechanism for implementing blockchain technologies in supply chain management. Modern supply chains operate in highly complex environments characterized by global dispersion, dynamic markets, and frequent information asymmetries, which often result in high transactional costs, limited transparency, and weak coordination among partners. While the literature has extensively documented the technological potential of distributed ledger systems for traceability and automation, less attention has been paid to the economic and organizational mechanisms necessary to realize these benefits in practice. The study reviews recent research on blockchain adoption in supply chains, identifying key determinants of successful implementation, including network structure, data governance, and participant readiness. It highlights that expected benefits depend critically on institutional and economic coordination, and that technological capability alone is insufficient for achieving performance improvements. Building on transaction cost economics and institutional theory, the article proposes an integrated mechanism encompassing regulatory, organizational, economic, and digital dimensions to align stakeholder incentives, reduce uncertainty, and optimize benefit allocation. Formal models compare transaction costs before and after blockchain adoption and introduce a trust coefficient to quantify improvements in information reliability. A weighted allocation model is also developed to distribute benefits proportionately across network participants. Conceptual diagrams illustrate the structure of the mechanism and interactions among key actors. The findings indicate that blockchain implementation, when supported by clear governance rules and economic incentives, can meaningfully lower coordination costs, enhance operational transparency, and strengthen trust in supply chain relationships. The proposed mechanism offers both theoretical insights into digital transformation and practical guidance for managers and policymakers seeking to leverage blockchain to improve supply chain performance.