ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN TRADE IN TRANSPORT SERVICES OF UKRAINE
Abstract
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics and structural changes in Ukraine's foreign trade in transport services in 2020–2024. The paper describes the key global and domestic factors that determined the transformation of the transport and logistics sector, in particular the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, disruption of international supply chains, and significant geopolitical risks caused by military aggression against Ukraine. It is revealed that the global transport services market has recorded dynamic growth and changes in the structure of demand under the influence of digitalization and changes in logistics corridors. Based on official statistical data and modern publications, the dynamics of exports and imports of transport services have been studied, their structural shifts have been identified, and changes in the functioning of individual types of transport (sea, river, air, rail, road, and pipeline) have been analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the reduction of the share of sea and air transportation and the growth of the role of road, rail and river transport as the basis for the reorientation of foreign trade flows to alternative routes. It is shown that the strengthening of the positions of auxiliary transport services reflects the increase in the technological sophistication of logistics operations and the complexity of the market structure. It is established that military actions with Russia led to the destruction of critically important infrastructure, the closure of traditional export routes and significant economic uncertainty. It is proven that despite significant external factors, the transport sector demonstrated adaptability, which was manifested in the gradual restoration of export and import operations in 2023–2024. The results of the study allow us to identify strategic directions for increasing the effectiveness of Ukraine's participation in the global transport services market, in particular the need to modernize infrastructure, develop multimodal routes, expand international integration and strengthen the competitiveness of logistics operators. The conclusions obtained can be used to form state policy in the field of transport security, logistics integration, and the development of foreign economic activity.
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