GREEN LOGISTICS IN MANAGING ENTERPRISES' FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Abstract
The article explores the theoretical and practical foundations for applying green criteria in selecting international logistics carriers. Based on international standards such as the GLEC Framework and the GHG Protocol, the authors develop a comprehensive evaluation system for transport carriers that includes ecological performance indicators, fuel efficiency, and transparency in sustainability reporting. Key assessment criteria include environmental policy, fleet efficiency, reporting transparency, innovation capacity, and regulatory compliance. The study shows that incorporating these criteria into tendering procedures effectively aligns economic and environmental goals on an international scale. Findings underscore the importance of systematically implementing green logistics as an integral part of sustainable supply chain management. The research presents a structured roadmap for adopting green logistics in international businesses, comprising four interconnected phases: diagnosis and commitment; optimisation and digitalisation; investment and cooperation; and leadership and innovation. It emphasises that systematically applying green criteria in logistics management results in measurable reductions in carbon emissions, cost savings, and greater adherence to global sustainability goals. Additionally, it highlights the increasing significance of digitalisation, artificial intelligence, and multimodal transport solutions in decarbonising supply chains and meeting climate targets. The article highlights ten key future trends: green logistics growth, AI-powered logistics, a shift to low or zero-carbon transport, transparency on Scope 3 emissions, circular logistics and sustainable packaging, infrastructure changes and green corridors, ESG integration with sustainable finance, urban and last-mile decarbonisation, new sharing and subscription business models, and autonomous freight systems. The findings indicate that green logistics, as a multidimensional management approach, harmonises economic and environmental interests while opening new market opportunities within decarbonised global trade.
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