GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

Abstract

The article examines global trends and approaches to the interaction between internal and external financial control of state-owned enterprises. The purpose of the study is to identify effective models of coordination between control institutions and determine their applicability for Ukraine. The relevance lies in the need to improve transparency, accountability, and efficiency of SOEs in line with international standards and the Ukraine Facility reform agenda. The research applies comparative, analytical, and systemic methods to study the experience of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Austria, Germany, France, Italy, and Poland. The results show that in most analyzed countries, the interaction between internal and external financial control is based on the principles of transparency, cooperation, and digital transformation. In the United States, the Government Accountability Office works with internal audit units of federal agencies through data exchange and joint initiatives, applying modern information systems and AI-based frameworks. In the United Kingdom, the National Audit Office and the Government Internal Audit Agency coordinate audits, share results, and provide feedback to improve the management of public resources. Japan’s Board of Audit interacts with ministerial internal audit divisions using cloud platforms and digital data systems. In EU member states, especially France, Italy, and Poland, legislation defines mechanisms of access to information, joint audits, and mutual assistance between audit institutions and internal control units. The European Court of Auditors ensures harmonization of standards and supports data exchange across countries. The findings confirm that the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions plays a key role in setting international standards that encourage cooperation between internal and external control bodies. The practical value of the study lies in the potential adaptation of these practices in Ukraine. The experience of France, Italy, and Poland - whose systems are structurally and functionally similar to Ukraine’s - can guide the modernization of its financial control model through legal improvements, institutional cooperation, and digital integration, strengthening efficiency and accountability in the management of state-owned enterprises.