INVESTMENTS: TYPOLOGY OF TYPES AND PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION

Abstract

This article is devoted to the analysis and generalisation of existing scientific provisions regarding the clarification of the typology of investment types and the principles of their implementation. Analysis of scientific research has revealed that there is no sufficiently complete typology of investment types that takes into account as many characteristics as possible. This situation has necessitated the addition of characteristics and types of investment, followed by their generalisation. It is justified that the typology of investment types should be generalised according to the following characteristics: by investment object (real, financial); by nature of participation in the investment process (direct, indirect); by sources of financing (own, attracted); by reproductive orientation (gross, renovation, net); by investment period (long-term, medium-term, short-term); by form of ownership of investment resources (state, private, mixed); by regional feature (domestic, foreign); by the nature of capital use in the investment process (primary, reinvestment, divestment); by the level of investment risk (risk-free, low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk); by the level of return (high-yield, medium-yield, low-yield, non-yielding); by level of liquidity (highly liquid, moderately liquid, low liquid, illiquid); by level of efficiency (highly efficient, moderately efficient, low efficient); by level of economic environment (macro level, micro level). The proposed typology will allow the main types of investments to be systematised according to specific criteria and can be used as a methodological basis for further scientific research, the development of investment projects and strategies for economic entities. Based on a generalisation of existing scientific views on the theoretical foundations of investment, the main principles on which the investment implementation process should be based have been identified. The refined typology of investment types and the defined system of principles for their implementation allow the creation of a scientific and methodological basis for the formation of an organisational and economic mechanism of investment for economic entities.