STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF MARITIME TRANSPORT IN UKRAINE
Abstract
The article is devoted to identifying the strategic directions for the development of the business environment of Ukraine’s maritime transport sector under the conditions of martial law, economic instability, and European integration processes. The research emphasizes the crucial role of maritime transport as a strategic component of Ukraine’s external economic relations and post-war recovery. The paper analyzes the level of favorability of the key elements of the maritime business environment – crediting of the real economy, fiscal policy, and the legal framework of merchant shipping. It has been established that the reduction in the volume of long-term lending to industrial and shipbuilding enterprises, the dominance of fiscal approaches in taxation, and the imperfection of legal regulation are among the main factors restraining the sector’s development. The study proves that fiscalization of the tax system increases inflationary pressures, discourages investment, and stimulates the relocation of businesses abroad, while the instability of tax legislation complicates strategic planning in the maritime sector. Based on a comparative analysis of international practices, the expediency of introducing a tonnage tax and a system of maritime subsidies has been substantiated as essential instruments for restoring Ukraine’s national fleet, ensuring sustainable competitiveness, and integrating into the global shipping market. The article also outlines practical recommendations aimed at reorienting the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine towards supporting investment in the real economy, transitioning from a fiscal to a stimulating tax model, and improving access to long-term credit resources for the shipbuilding and logistics industries. It emphasizes the importance of harmonizing Ukrainian maritime legislation with the European maritime acquis and creating a transparent mechanism for monitoring state support in line with EU competition principles. Implementation of these measures is expected to enhance Ukraine’s transport potential, accelerate the modernization of port infrastructure, and strengthen the country’s position within international trade routes and the global maritime economy.
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