МОДЕЛІ МОТИВАЦІЇ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Abstract
The article attempts to provide a comprehensive theoretical and practical understanding of the issue of motivation among healthcare workers in the current environment, which is characterized by a high level of uncertainty. Given the dynamics of transformations in the medical field and the intensification of global challenges, the study focuses on three key factors that directly influence the professional activity and value orientations of personnel: the COVID-19 pandemic, military actions, and reform processes in the healthcare sector. The theoretical basis is a critical analysis of classical and modern concepts of motivation. In particular, it highlights the specifics of A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs, F. Herzberg's two-factor model, and self-determination theory, which allows us to trace the evolution of scientific approaches from materially oriented to humanistic-value paradigms. Particular attention is paid to the classification of incentives, which are conditionally divided into financial and non-financial. The first group includes remuneration systems used in international practice: fixed salaries, bonus mechanisms, the 3P model (position, performance, person), as well as performance-based pay. In the context of non-financial incentives, the role of professional recognition, career growth opportunities, working environment conditions, and management style are analyzed. The practical aspect of the study is based on an analysis of international experience, covering examples from Ukraine, Vietnam, Poland, and Ethiopia. Based on a comparative analysis, it has been proven that in times of crisis, leadership, moral support, and organizational culture become crucial, as they can compensate for limited financial resources. The results of the study confirm that effective motivation in the healthcare sector is a multi-component system that combines economic incentives with emotional and psychological factors adapted to the specifics of the national context. The proposed study reveals the relationship between theoretical models of motivation and practical mechanisms for their implementation in the context of global and local transformations.
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