INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HOUSING STOCK
Abstract
The article examines modern approaches to the implementation of renewable energy sources (RES) in the construction and reconstruction of housing stock based on FIDIC contracts. In the context of the energy crisis and climate change, the development of RES is a strategic direction for increasing the country's energy independence. However, the implementation of RES requires effective institutional mechanisms, financial incentives and regulatory framework. The article analyzes state policy, energy regulatory mechanisms and international experience in the application of FIDIC contracts in the field of renewable energy. The main obstacles to the implementation of RES in Ukraine are considered, including complex permitting procedures, inefficient energy management of the housing stock, lack of financial instruments and insufficient use of international contract standards in tender procurement. Special attention is paid to the role of FIDIC contracts in regulating "green" procurement, in particular in the formation of transparent mechanisms for the implementation of investment projects in the field of RES. The international experience of using FIDIC contracts in the mountainous regions of Austria, Switzerland, Chile and Nepal for the development of small hydropower, wind power and autonomous microgrids is studied. The adaptation of these practices to the Carpathian region is proposed, including the development of local hydropower plants, the construction of wind farms and the implementation of solar power plants. Effective financial instruments for supporting RES are identified, such as public-private partnerships (PPP), green bonds, EPC+F models and long-term PPA contracts. The article substantiates the need to improve the energy management of the housing stock, which will allow for more effective integration of RES into the processes of reconstruction and modernization of buildings. Recommendations are proposed for the integration of FIDIC contracts into public procurement, improvement of regulatory policy and implementation of a comprehensive strategy for the development of RES in the high-mountain regions of Ukraine. The need to develop national standards for regulating "green" procurement and to attract international experience to increase the efficiency of investment projects in the renewable energy sector has been identified.
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