STATE OF HEALTH CARE IN UKRAINE: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS
Abstract
The state of health care in Ukraine in terms of the social-demographic aspects of functioning of the medical system, the share of health care in the structure of gross domestic product, population and growth, average life expectancy at birth, mortality and other are analyzed in the article. The reduction in the health system, including the number of hospitals, beds and medical personnel, due to the military occupation of part of the country in 2014 and large-scale reform of the medical system aimed at improving the quality of care are identified. The deterioration of demographic indicators in Ukraine, in particular by the reduction of the total population and the birth rate is established. At the same time, the positive dynamics of the growth of the average life expectancy of the population and the decrease of the mortality rate, which was caused, among other things, by the increase in the availability and efficiency of medical care are noted. It was found that despite the reduced mortality, caused of major diseases, the main threats for health in Ukraine are circulatory diseases (atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease that lead to stroke, myocardial infarction), which kills up to 400 thousand people annually (including able-bodied age), and oncology disease. These diseases cause death in 66% and 13% of cases. In order to improve the current state of health care in Ukraine, it is proposed to strengthen public administration of the country’s medical system in the following areas: formation and implementation of targeted prevention programs with the support of the government, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and citizens; reorientation of the health care system to identify risk groups in all age groups, timely detection of chronic diseases and conditions, control of their development and its treatment; introduction of obligatory preventive examination of the able-bodied population with the involvement of the institute of family doctor and diagnostic centers; improving the availability and quality of medical services in Ukraine on a market principles.
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