DEVELOPMENT AND DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING THE GRAIN PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the development and directions of increasing the grain production efficiency of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is development of theoretical and methodological provisions, substantiation of scientific and practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of grain production of agricultural enterprises. The research object was the resource and economic processes of grain production of agricultural enterprises. The importance of grain and leguminous crops production development which in modern market conditions become profitable export and competitive agricultural production in the foreign market has been substantiated. The structure of sown areas of cereals and legumes for the period 1990-2020 has been considered in the article. The yield and volume of grain and legumes production for the period 1990-2020 have been analyzed. The production of grain per person in the context of the regions of Ukraine has been studied. The influence of the sown area size on the volume and yield of cereals and legumes, in particular wheat and corn on grain has been considered. It has substantiated that one of the main tasks for today is to develop production increasing of cereals and legumes, which will positively affect the creation of new jobs, increase wages, increase the requirements for their skills on the basis of its competitiveness and export orientation to foreign markets for agricultural products by growing quality products that accord international standards. Thus, today grain production is the most profitable industry, especially the cultivation of corn for grain and wheat, so there is an increase in sown areas of these crops regardless of climatic zone and recommended crops, increase their yield and productivity, increase grain production per capita in regions, and there is a concentration of grain production. One of the key areas to increase the efficiency of growing cereals and legumes should be: a larger area of crops of cereals and legumes, which will increase yields and gross harvest, because there are more opportunities for the introduction of new technologies, mineral and organic fertilizers, high-yielding seed, production of quality products, and the available scale for its sale than small producers; as well as further research deserve issues of increasing yields in small farms with low yields, eliminating restrictions on the market, improving sales prices and quality of products grown.