ECONOMIC ASPECT OF TERRITORIAL PRODUCTION OF AMARANTH, HEMP AND SORGO IN UKRAINE
Abstract
Abnormal climatic conditions in past seasons forced farmers to pay attention to the cultivation of alternative drought-resistant crops. The production of organic products becomes more and more relevant with each surveyed year due to the significant number of environmental, economic, and social benefits, as opposed to traditional agricultural production. It is worth noting that the intensive farming method, which is mainly used in the modern world, has a destructive effect on the environment, and also practically depletes natural resources, making them unsuitable for agricultural production. The article substantiates the feasibility of the production of amaranth, hemp, and sorghum on the territory of Ukraine. The potential of amaranth varieties and its average yield have been identified. In order to determine the sufficiency of products on the Ukrainian market, an analysis of the sown areas of amaranth was carried out. In the modern Ukrainian mass consciousness, hemp is firmly associated with a narcotic drug, while for a long time this plant has been processed on the territory of Ukraine as a food, fodder and industrial crop. The state of the cannabis industry in Ukraine and the acreage of industrial hemp were investigated. It has been established that 100% of hemp plants are processed in the world, while in Ukraine – only 85%, the rest is considered waste. The acreage of industrial hemp in Ukraine tends to decrease, which in 2017 amounted to 2.8 thousand hectares, and in 2019 – 1.02 thousand hectares. The area under crops of sorghum in Ukraine, which is grown in the steppe zone, has been analyzed. The sorghum harvesting area in 2017 was 71 thousand hectares, in 2018 – 41.9 thousand hectares, in 2019 – 46.8 thousand hectares. The yield of sorghum was set in 2017 at the level of 27.9 centner per hectare, in 2018 – 46.3 centner per hectare, in 2019 – 40.8 centner per hectare. It is generalized that the limiting factor for the expansion of sorghum crops in other zones is the insufficient sum of temperature indicators during the growing season. Considering the natural-resource potential and the positive dynamics of the financial and economic indicators, Ukraine is on the way of development of production of amaranth, sorghum and hemp, and domestic producers can be competitive in the European markets.
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