ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SUPPLY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION
Abstract
The article examines the ecological and economic aspects of the transformation of the energy supply of Ukraine in the conditions of war and post-war recovery. The structure of the total supply of primary energy to the EU-27 countries in 2021 was analyzed. Russia's share in the demand for natural gas of the EU-27 countries and Great Britain was assessed and it was established that about half of the natural gas consumed in the EU comes from Russia. The share of energy from RES in the EU countries was determined and it was concluded that all countries increase the use of clean energy every year. The volume of energy supply from renewable energy sources in Ukraine in 2009-2020 was also analyzed and the trend of growth of this indicator during the studied period was traced. Taking into account the challenges faced by the European energy system, the European Commission has developed the REPowerEU action plan, which proposes measures not only to help reduce the consumption of oil and oil products and natural gas, but also to introduce and use renewable energy sources. It was determined that an alternative to replace natural gas is biogas with further purification to biomethane, therefore the authors proposed a structural and logical scheme of biomethane production after biogas purification. The structure of the amount of funds allocated to finance European countries to mitigate the energy crisis in 2022 has been determined, the largest share belongs to Germany. The current state and prospects for the development of biomethane production in Ukraine are characterized. Potential opportunities for the development of biomethane production in Ukraine depend on market and regulatory factors that determine the prerequisites for its growth. It has been established that the main obstacle to the production of biomethane in Ukraine is the streamlining of regulatory aspects in terms of determining the permissible proportion of oxygen in biomethane for the possibility of supplying it to the gas distribution system (for domestic use) and the gas transport system of Ukraine for export abroad (receipt of foreign exchange revenue and promotion of the country’s economic growth).
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