ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ ТА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ІТ-СЕКТОРУ
Анотація
З огляду на динамічність та значний вплив ІКТ на трансформацію сучасного світу, дедалі постає необхідність у чіткому розумінні концепцій конкуренції, конкурентних переваг і конкурентоспроможності в ІТ-секторі, які достатньо неоднозначно тлумачяться різними зацікавленими сторонами. Дане дослідження має на меті прояснити сутність даних категорій в ІТ-секторі, запропонувавши всеосяжну та узгоджену перспективу. Завдяки огляду тематичної літератури за останні 30-ть років було з’ясовано, що конкуренція в ІТ-секторі ведеться за обмежені ресурси, пропозицію найкращої споживчої цінності для стейкхолдерів, лояльність цільових аудиторій, і як наслідок, отримання більшої частки ринку. З’ясовано, що характерними рисами конкуренції в ІТ-секторі є глобальний характер, короткі життєві цикли продуктів (як наслідок швидкого оновлення цифрових технологій), значний акцент на стратегічних партнерствах та M&A угодах, відчутний ціновий тиск, а також залежність від складної нормативної бази з питань конфіденційності даних, безпеки, інтелектуальної власності та доброчесної конкуренції. Запропоновано авторську візію стратегічних орієнтирів конкуренції в ІТ та класифікацію конкурентних переваг ІТ-компаній залежно від природи їх формування, а саме: фінансово-економічні, управлінські, технологічні, інфраструктурні та переваги, пов’язані зі сприятливістю середовища. Досліджено концепцію конкурентоспроможності ІТ-сектору національної економіки в контексті створення ціннісної пропозиції (що є фактичним відображенням конкурентоспроможності) в залежності від сфер використання ІТ-здобутків. Сформовано систематизацію рис конкурентоспроможності ІТ-сектору в залежності від ціннісної пропозиції для ключових стейкхолдерів (споживачів, ІТ-компаній, інвесторів, ІТ-фахівців та держав). Запропоновано, трактувати конкурентоспроможність ІТ-сектору як здатність ІТ-компаній ефективно конкурувати на глобальному ІТ-ринку за рахунок власних конкурентних переваг, інвестицій в НДДКР, дотримання міжнародних стандартів та загальновизнаних ділових практик з метою покращення рівня життя людей.
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