STRATEGIC VECTORS OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES

Abstract

The article examines the approaches to assessing the strategic guidelines of the level of ecological and economic development of the world and the rationale for the introduction of the index of inclusive development as a principle of analysis of economic, environmental and social structure of the world economy. The concept of inclusive growth is studied. The main indicators and methods of forming the Inclusive Development Index (IDI) are analyzed. The ecological and economic condition of the top 10 countries of the world and Ukraine according to the index of inclusive development (IDI) is analyzed. According to the IDI index, Ukraine is classified as a developing country. It is determined that among them Ukraine has one of the lowest income levels (49 out of 79). The reason for this situation can be called the uneven distribution of wealth in relation to the entire population of the country: a high level of "shadow" economy; corrupt profits; and it should be noted that most of the income of migrant workers is also in the shadows; unreliable statistics on the level of income of citizens, etc. All this leads to a widening gap between rich and poor, reducing the middle class. Based on the experience of developed countries, Ukraine can carry out measures, reforms, etc. aimed at economic development, improving social and environmental conditions, reduce the burden on the less vulnerable at different levels (taxation, subsidies, free education, health care, etc.). It can be argued that the economic, social, environmental development of Ukraine in comparison with developed countries is characterized by unevenness. Consequently, it creates a need for new approaches, concepts, models to reduce the disproportion of Ukraine. It is noted that the low rate of inclusive development of Ukraine indicates the presence of infrastructural problems, shortcomings in economic diversification, threats to the investment climate and environmental problems (radiation pollution, air quality, water resources, soil degradation, waste, biodiversity loss, etc.). From this point of view, the concept of inclusive development can ensure the implementation of the principles of stable and balanced economic, social and environmental development. For Ukraine, taking into account the experience of developed countries, development and implementation of inclusive programs will stabilize the socio-economic situation in the country, as well as reduce inequality in various spheres of public life, forming an open policy and economy that would involve all segments of the population. to participate in the allocation of resources and free access to the labor market, the organization of a secure business environment and the promotion of competitiveness, the development of education, health care and poverty reduction measures, etc.